Cogenital Anomalies and Benign Conditions of the Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes

Congenital Anomalies of the Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes
Turner syndrome (45 XO)
- Turner is ssociated with a lack of normal gonadal development.
- Women with Turner syndrome usually progress through puberty and develop secondary sexual characteristics but enter manopause shortly thereafter.
Klinefelter syndrome (47 XXY)
- Testicular predominance occurs with the addition of a single Y chromosome, even in face of multiple X chromosomes. In Klinefelter testicular development occurs embryologically.
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (46 XY) = testicular femination
- The lack of androgen receptors produces a phenotypic female in the face of a Y chromosome.
- The gonads in these women should be removed, because of significant malignant potential.
Aplasia or atresia
Isolated anomalies of the fallopian tubes, the end result of abnormal development of the proximal unfused portions of paramesoneophric ducts are rare. Bilateral aplasia is noted in some cases of uterine and vaginal agenesis.

Functional Ovarian Cysts and Tumors
Functional cysts
To be classified a functional cyst, the follicle must reach a diameter of atleast 3 cm. Functional cysts may cause pelvic pain, a dull sensation or heaviness in the pelvis.
- Follicular cyst - develops when an ovarian follicle fails to rupture
- Lutein cyst - develops if the corpus luteum becomes cystic
- Hemorrhagic cyst
- Polycystic ovary syndrome, a functional disorder generally associated with chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, can also produce enlarged ovaries with multiple simple follicles.
Other specific types of lutein cyst
- Theca-Lutein cysts may develop in association with high levels of hCG present in patients with hydatidiform mole or choriocarcinoma. patients undergoing ovulation induction with gonadotropins or clomiphene may also develop theca-lutein cysts.